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Introduction to Local Area Networking

Local Area Networking (LAN) is the term used when connecting several com-

puters together over a small area such as a building or group of buildings. LAN’s

can be connected over large areas. A collection of LANs connected over a large

area is called a Wide Area Network (WAN).

A LAN is consists of multiple computers connected to each other. There are

many types of media that can connect computers together. The most common

media is CAT5 cable; UTP or STP twisted pair wire. Each computer must have

a Network Interface Card (NIC), which communicates the data between com-

puters. A NIC is usually a 10Mbps network card or 10/100Mbps network cards.

Most networks use hardware devices such as hubs or switches that each cable

can be connected to in order to continue the connection between computers. A

hub simply takes any data arriving through each port and forwards the data to

all other ports. A switch is more sophisticated, in that a switch can determine

the port that each piece of data is supposed to be delivered to. A switch mini-

mizes network traffic and speeds up the communication over a network.

Networks take some time in order to plan and implement correctly. There are

many types of scenarios to consider which could affect the operability of a net-

work. Some of these issues are discussed in the manual under the

Networking Basics section.

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